Tuesday, November 23, 2010

Defintions of Scientific Terms

Center of Gravity- point around which body weight is equally balanced no matter how the body is positioned.
Lateral Flexion- (side bending) sideways rotation of the trunk away from the midline, which can be right or left lateral flexion.
Longitudinal Axis- imaginary line/axis of rotation around which the transverse plane rotations occur. When a segment of the body moves, it rotates around an axis of rotation that passes through a joint to which it is attached.
Transverse Plane- plane in which horizontal body  and body segment movements occur when the body is in an erect standing position. It seperates the body into top and bottom halves of equal mass.
Plantar Flexion- is a sagittal plane movement (forward and backward movements occur) in which
it is an extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot/toes moving away from the body.
Acetabular femoral joint- another name for the hip joint. It is the cup shaped socket of the hip joint. It is a key feature of the pelvic anatomy.
Laterally rotated- external rotation away from the midline of the body of the arm or leg in the transverse plane.
Dexter-related to or situated to the right or on the right side of something
Sinster- related to or situated to the left or on the left side of something.
Horizonal Abduction- horizontal extension in the transverse plane.
Calfs-(Gastrocnemius)- the calf muscle that is visible from the outside of the body. It attaches to the heel with the Achilles Tendon and originates behind the knee of the femur, crossing two joints.
Gluetus Maximus- the greatest gluteal muscle and the biggest muscle in the human body. It forms the bulk of the buttox. It orginates posterior one-fourth of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the scarum and coccyx near the ilium, and fascia of the lumbar area. It's action is to extend the thigh.
Medial rotation- internal rotation towards the midline of the body of the arm or leg in the transverse plane.
Eversion- turning the sole of the foot outward away from the body. Example- standing with weight on the inner edge of the foot.
Inversion- turning the sole of the foot inward towards the body. Example- standing with weight on the outer edge of the foot.
Flex (flexion)- it includes anteriorly directed sagittal (forward and backward movements) plane rotations of the head, trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand, and hip, and posteriorly (toward the back of the body) directed sagittal plane rotation of the lower leg.
Ulnar Deviation- rotation of the hand at the wrist in the frontal plane toward the ulna (little finger side).
Radial Deviation- rotation of the hand at the wrist in the frontal plane toward the radius (thumb side).
Anterior- toward the front of the body.
Abdominal muscles- Rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, are the main parts to the abdomen. They bilaterally function in that they are major spinal flexors and reduce anterior pelvic tilt.
Pelvic girdle- the two hip bones plus the sacrum, which can be rotated forward, back, and laterally to optimize positioning of the hip.

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